Leaqdership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leaqdership - Essay Example unfairness is posited to create tension, which motivates an individual to restore equity. This restoration of equity can be accomplished in a number of ways. Outcomes can be altered, accusively or psychologically inputs can be altered, objectively or psychologically comparative referents can be changed or an individual can leave or psychologically withdraw from the situation. As Greenberg (1989) pointed out, however, equity research offers little guidance as to when psychological adjustments rather than objective adjustments will occur. Complicating the matter further, psychological adjustments are difficult to measure and validate.Equity theory predictions about reactions to iniquity have been tested primarily in laboratory experiments. The typical experiment involves (a) subjects performing a task, (b) statistical distribution of a monetary reward and performance feedback, and (c) measurement of performance on a subsequent closed circuit of the task. Situations of inequity are set up through the manipulation of rewards and performance feedback, and individual responses to these inequitable situations are measured. As reviews of equity research have pointed out (Goodman & Friedman, 1971 Greenberg, 1982, 1987 Walster et al., 1978), these laboratory studies have shown that equity perceptions can significantly alter individuals performances. However, these studies have been largely one-shot affairs (Homans, 1982, p. xv) and have typically not allowed time for performance subject expectancies to develop among subjects. Subjects who come down their performance when faced with perceived underreward probably do not view this decrease in performance as leading to decreased future rewards.By the 1950s, several new models of take motivation emerged, which collectively have been referred to as content theories, since their principal aim was to identify factors associated with motivation. Included hither is Maslows (1954) need hierarchy theory, which