The Stock Market Essay examples -- Economy, Malaysia, Capital Market

The economic conditions were not that favourable during the financial crisis in 1997. derangement in the international financial commercializes in turn spilled over into the domestic financial marts. Continued waves of adjustment in both the currency and stock markets, conjugate with the decline in domestic and export demand subsequently prompted a shift to to a greater extent growth promoting policies. One of the institutions that affected was Malaysian stock market.In general, Malaysia stock market contributes to the best allocation of capital resourcesamong numerous users. The roles of the stock market are mainly to facilitate and encourage the mobilization of funds, direct them towards cost-effective economic activities, provide adequate liquidity for investors and encourage the creation of large-scale enterprises, The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Index (CI) is the most popular indicator of the Kuala Lumpur stock market performance. The CI represents share prices of 100 Corpor ations. These companies are chosen because their operations cover a broad spectrum of economic performance in Malaysia and more significantly invent stock market activities with fair accuracy, Stock prices depend on the leave and demand for the stock, it causes by the factors that stock prices to be more volatile is limited supply of new issues despite of strong demand for the stocks. This restriction of supply leads to more price fluctuations, which are common to all stock markets. However, two things prevent an dateless price increase in the stock market. Firstly, the amount of money available in any country is finite. As the bull market proceeds, more and more of the countrys savings are invested in the stock market and eventually the people involved might face liquidity... ...economic variables for emerging economies. At all, the studies subscribe to shown the existence of a weak form of market efficiency among the EMFs for respective periods of study and countries. Recentl y the studies done examine the cointegration between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in order to test for the informational efficient market hypothesis. All the studies are covering on the period before the financial crises in July 1997. However, there is no flak to study the cointegration between the variables and the stock market after the financial crisis. Hence, this study investigate the relationship between stock market returns and underlying macroeconomic variables, for the Malaysia as country known as a member of ASEAN for the period after the Asian financial crises, to determine whether or not the weak form of market efficiency to exist in Malaysia.

Characters and Themes in Richard Wrights Black Boy Essays -- Wright B

Characters and Themes in Black Boy   The novel, Black Boy is Richard Wrights autobiographical account of his life beginning with his earliest memories and coating with his departure for the North at age nineteen. In Black Boy, Wright tells of an unsettled family life that takes him from Natchez, Mississippi, to Memphis, Tennessee, back to Jackson, Mississippi, then to Arkansas, back again to Mississippi, and finally to Memphis once more, where he prepares for his eventual migration to Chicago.             nearly critics agree that Black Boy is a highly selective account, more selective than the term record in its subtitle suggests. At the time Wright wrote Black Boy, he was already an accomplished author of fiction. He had published a collection of short stories called Uncle Toms Children and the highly successful novel inseparable Son.   Wright chose carefully the experiences he includ es in Black Boy, the ones he highlights, and the tone in which he writes about them. Many readers even think that he invents some of the incidents. Most  agree, however, that Wright crafts his autobiography for the precise impact he wants.             Of course, the central character of Black Boy is young Richard Wright. To distinguish between this young character and the author  looking at back on him many years later and even occasionally inventing  incidents about him, this guide follows the standard practice of  referring to the former as Richard and the latter as Wright.   Wright presents Richard&... ...ight had originally wanted the book to describe his life in               Chicago as well, but his publisher decided only to accept the Southern      portion. As a result, the book becomes in part an i ndictment of the         South and of its oppressiveness toward blacks.                                                                              

White Oleander :: essays research papers

As a result of her mothers incarceration, Astrid is thrusted into a myriad of unmerited situations- the foster homes. One loathsomeness stepmother leads to another in this tale of adversity and just when Astrids prospects brighten under a shining sun, the clouds roll in and it begins to rain. White Oleander is a Cinderella story with all the ingredients of misery and misfortune but the wrong ending.At the beginning of her first real encounter with calamity, Astrid is inundated with a deluge of emotions, deviation her dazed. It is during this time of bewilderment that the young girl is placed in her first foster home in the custody of a Sunday Christian named Starr. With the absence of a father figure in her life, Astrids feelings for Ray metamorphose into those of desire and what began as a timid liking, turns into something much more. The Oedipal feelings she harbors towards Uncle Ray, Starrs boyfriend, lead in conclusion her expulsion from the home. Now crippled with the conse quences of her desires, Astrid is relocated to the racially opinionated turquoise home of Marvel where she is exposed to the influence of the sophisticated Olivia. In her time of claim for something beautiful when her own beauty has been marred by the Starrs jealousy, Astrid idolizes the woman next door who is, in her eyes, perfect. She comes to depend on Olivia as a staple fibre in her life, someone who will be there to teach her the things a woman should know. However, contact with her idol eventually leads Astrid to another home because of Marvels racist ideals.Cut off from her hero, whom she reluctantly realizes is just like her mother, Astrid is placed in a beautiful home in the custody of a refined Hispanic woman named Amelia. At this point, Astrids role changes from that of a babysitter. In Amelias home, she becomes money to pay for more remodeling. In this environment where she has nothing to eat, Astrids survival instincts come to play. What isnt provided for her, she pro vides for herself. At the urging of her mother, Astrid asks for new placement and is, for once, lucky enough to have her case handed to a social worker that seems to care. It is at this point that a ray of light breaks through the clouds. Though Claire seems extremely fragile and dependent, it is also evident that she is a caring person.

Follow The Commandments - Or Else Essay -- essays research papers

There are public institutions that want the Ten Commandments displayed. If that is done the penalization for breaking a commandment should also be displayed. The New Testament teaches that the Old Testament should be obeyed. This includes both the Commandments and the results of not following the Commandments.Jesus said in John 1035"Scripture cannot be broken."This statement was made after he had said in John 546-47"For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me for he wrote of me. But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe my words?"First Commandment, Exodus 203"Thou shalt have no other gods before me."The punishment - Deuteronomy 173-5"And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded And it be told thee, and molarity hast hear of it, and enquired diligently, and, behold, it be true, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought in I srael Then shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that immoral thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die."More punishment - Exodus 2220"He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the skipper only, he shall be utterly destroyed."New Testament punishment - Mark 1616"He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved but he that believeth not shall be damned."Second Commandment, Exodus 204-5"Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the universe beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God."Third Commandment, Exodus 207"Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain."The punishment - Leviticus 2416"And he tha t blasphemeth the name of the LORD, he shall sure be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him as well the stranger, as he that is born in the land, when he blasphemeth the name of the Lord, shall be put to death."New Testament punishment - Matthew 1232"And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him but whosoever speaketh... ...wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity whisperers Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of shabbiness things, disobedient to parents, Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have frolic in them that do them."*********And finallyDeuteronomy 13 6-9"If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thy son, or thy daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy f riend, which is as thine own soul, entice thee secretly, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou, nor thy fathers Namely, of the gods of the people which are round about you, nigh unto thee, or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth Thou shalt not consent unto him, nor hearken unto him neither shall thine eye pity him, neither shalt thou spare, neither shalt thou conceal him But thou shalt surely kill him thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people."

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline: Diamond Power Corporation :: essays research papers

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline infield Power CorporationThis case study, prepared by Richard C. Scameborn, follows the DiamondPower Specialty Company from its humble beginnings in 1903 to its decline in1991.The birth of Diamond came with the invention of the hand cranked pornography b lower berth. As the years and technology progressed, so did the Diamond soot blower.Along with this main product, Diamond also added several other products to itsline, but none had the profitability of the soot blower. Diamond had the marketto itself for a number of years, but eventually two competitors sprang up tochallenge Diamond Copes-Vulcan and Bayer Company. Competition did not becomefierce until gentleman War II, when the soot blower became a major commodity used bythe U.S. Navy to clean boilers on board its ships. At this point, the sootblower industry became a sellers market and the need for strategy (bothcorporate and business) became a necessity for growth and survival. Diamond Powers main delegation at its beginning, to produce soot blowersthat would efficiently clean the inside of boiler as it continued working,basically stayed the same up until the addition of competition into the market.At this point, Diamond had to revise its flush to include technologicaladvances to stay ahead of it main competitor, Copes-Vulcan. With the passage oftime, production efficiency and technology were not enough. Diamond eventuallyhad to add foreign sales, node service, and relief part production toits original plan to keep ahead of the game. By the 1970s, the mission tosupply replacement parts and service became one of Diamonds direct priorities asit opened parts and service plants in New Jersey, Georgia, Ohio, Texan, Colorado,North Dakota, California, and Washington.Diamond Powers goals over the years seem to stay pretty congruent withits mission up until the early 1980s. Basically, Diamonds goals includedstaying on the moderate levels of technology, building a foreign market byexporting machines and parts and establishing joint-venture manufacturingcompanies overseas, establishing an extensive and profitable domesticatedaftermarket support system that included minifactories that supplied both partsand service, and to keep the upper hand on the soot blower market share.Diamond Powers parent corporation, McDermott, Inc, utilized severaldifferent corporate strategies to try to achieve Diamonds goal of a profitableand extensive aftermarket support system. However, some of the decisions made byMcDermott, Inc in regards to its replacement part division caused more harm thangood. For example, when a small operator began to copy and sell Diamondreplacement parts at a lower cost than Diamond with great success, McDermott

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline: Diamond Power Corporation :: essays research papers

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline Diamond Power CorporationThis case study, prepared by Richard C. Scameborn, follows the DiamondPower Specialty confederacy from its humble beginnings in 1903 to its decline in1991.The birth of Diamond came with the invention of the hand cranked smut fungusblower. As the years and technology progressed, so did the Diamond soot blower.Along with this main product, Diamond also added several other products to itsline, solely none had the profitability of the soot blower. Diamond had the marketto itself for a number of years, but eventually two competitors sprang up tochallenge Diamond Copes-Vulcan and Bayer Company. Competition did not becomefierce until World War II, when the soot blower became a major commodity used bythe U.S. Navy to clean kettle holes on board its ships. At this point, the sootblower indus elbow grease became a sellers market and the sine qua non for strategy ( both(prenominal)corporate and business) became a nec essity for growth and survival.Diamond Powers main mission at its beginning, to produce soot blowersthat would efficiently clean the inside of boiler as it continued working,basically stayed the same up until the addition of competition into the market.At this point, Diamond had to revise its mission to include technologicaladvances to stay frontwards of it main competitor, Copes-Vulcan. With the passage oftime, production efficiency and technology were not enough. Diamond eventuallyhad to add foreign sales, customer operate, and replacement part production toits captain plan to keep ahead of the game. By the 1970s, the mission tosupply replacement parts and service became one of Diamonds top priorities asit opened parts and service plants in New Jersey, Georgia, Ohio, Texan, Colorado,North Dakota, California, and Washington.Diamond Powers goals over the years seem to stay pretty congruent withits mission up until the early 1980s. Basically, Diamonds goals includedstaying on the moderate levels of technology, building a foreign market byexporting machines and parts and establishing joint-venture manufacturingcompanies overseas, establishing an extensive and profitable domesticaftermarket support system that included minifactories that supplied both partsand service, and to keep the upper hand on the soot blower market share.Diamond Powers parent corporation, McDermott, Inc, utilized severaldifferent corporate strategies to try to achieve Diamonds goal of a profitableand extensive aftermarket support system. However, some of the decisions made byMcDermott, Inc in regards to its replacement part division caused more defile thangood. For example, when a small operator began to copy and sell Diamondreplacement parts at a lower cost than Diamond with great success, McDermott

Changing Family Dynamics

The Acceptance of Multifaceted Lifestyles The New Western Family A white picket fence surrounding a red-brick house in which a doting wife, masteryful and hard-working husband, and two and one half children reside was, at one point in time, the ikon of newton American life. Since the while of that belief has passed, North American guild is being moved(p) by various factors that act as catalysts for the fall of the American Dream and the subsequent rise in the embodiment of increasingly different family social organizations.Modern North American culture prides itself in its inclusiveness and adaptability, yet it is prepared to accept that the commentary of a family is no longer one of concrete wording? According the Andrew Cherlin, hymeneals has undergone a process of deinstitutionalizationa weakening of the social norms that define partners demeanorover the past few decades (2004 848). Studies in fall apart, cohabitation, re marriage, and the legalization of gay and lesbia n kernels have proven that the nuclear family no longer consists of a man, woman, and a tenable number of children.This lit re depend non only explores and distinguishes various factors discussed in pieces of work that influence North American society to embrace demographically diverse structures some(prenominal) as well discusses the potential for a future resurfacing of the American Dream. break and the Nuclear Family A nuclear family is commonly defined as a father, mother, and dep revokeent children. This exposition is being deconstructed by more factors, primarily through divorce. The introduction of no-fault unilateral divorce laws in North America forms the query of whether divorce rates were affected or not.According to Justin Wolfers (20061806), author of Did Unilateral Divorce Laws Raise Divorce Rates? A Reconciliation and New Results, both types of divorce, consensual and otherwise, form a detail number of divorces each year. These subcategories of divorce, howev er, do not comprise the substance of divorces that occur annually though the simple process of marital unsuitability. Andrew Cherlin (200536) writes that in the early 1900s, or so 10 percent of all marriages ended in divorce, and the figure rose to about one-third for marriages begun in 1950.But the rise was particularly sharp during the 1960s and 1970s, when the likelihood that a married couple would divorce increased substantially. This threat of divorce may have been, in fact, what prevented young adults from getting married in the initial place. Rather than tie with the fear of divorce, a sense of security can be established by remaining wholeness for longer periods of time. The age at which many individuals first marry has increased and now rests between 25 and 30 years of age (Cherlin 200540). The rate of divorce has seemingly plateaued as of recently.However, this does not indicate that the introduction of no fault unilateral divorce laws did not impact the rates of div orce in any way. The chain-reaction caused by these laws is one that in a flash influences marriage. Marriages have become less frequent, and their decline unequivocally results in an analogous fall in the number of divorces (Rasul 200328). Andrew Cherlin (2004849) discusses that the decrease in marriages has much to do with its deinstitutionalization process. North American society is adopting new methods of living as family units, such as cohabitation and remarriage.Cohabitation, Remarriage, and the Nuclear Family Cohabitation is the act of living, unmarried, with a partner. According to Cherlin, a large number of couples cohabitate as a replacement for marriage. However, a similar amount of these relationships dissolve within twenty-four months, suggesting that it is not a strong alternative for a marital union (200535). During the twentieth century, typical beliefs surrounding marriage were again changing. Having children, living together, and maintaining sexual relationships a re all facets of life that were beginning to fit the social norms established (Cherlin 200540).Regarding the success of marriages associated with pre-marital cohabitation, indicators are not positive, as many unions fail shortly after being made legal (Rasul 200330). This being said, not all new marriages end in disaster. Remarriage is a new marriage to a new partner, and is an increasingly prevalent family structure in North American society. Following divorce, individuals who decide to marry again engage in remarriage. This type of marriage can involve parties who have children or who are childless. In the case that children are involved, step-families are created.As quoted by Godina in the review of, Understanding Stepfamilies Their Structure and Dynamics, fellow writer, Grinwald, believes that, by the year 2000 the stepfamily pull up stakes be the predominant family structure in the United States and will actually outnumber the nuclear family (Godina cited Grinwald 2001318). Th is statement is in accordance with others, all supporting the conviction that stepfamilies are becoming an increasingly dominant family structure and that many children will be members of one in their lifetimes (Godina 2001318).Individuals who do not remarry, or those who have not been previously married take on different family structures wherefore those previously discussed. These forms are the single-parent household or a lone existence. Single Parents, Habitual Solitude, and the Nuclear Family Contrary to the nuclear family structure previously discussed are the family structures involving single parenthood and habitual solitude. There are two primary ways in which single-parent families are established, the first being through divorce.A divorced parent who has children and makes the termination not to remarry establishes themself as a single-parent family unit. The second way is through unwed pregnancy. This lifestyle is not only growing in popularity for couples alone, but i t is also adopting a sense of normalcy to incorporate the birth of children. According to Cherlin, as cohabitation is generally seen as equivalent to marriage in modern North American society, many children that would at first be deemed illegitimate are in actuality, not.Rather, they are born of a cohabitating couple. (2004849). The authors of, Context and Inclusivity in Canadas Evolving Definition of the Family, Nicholas Bala and Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich check with Cherlins hypothesis, stating that the increased number of children being raised by single parents can be explained not only by the increase in divorce rates and corresponding rise in couple separation and the births of children in cohabitating relationships rather than marriages (2002148).For individuals who have no children and no existing desire to wed or cohabitate, there is the option of living by oneself. This lifestyle choice is also increasing in North American society, even if only for part of a persons life. Ac hieving success and happiness are often considered common goals shared by the majority of North American society. For many, this means acquiring a post-secondary education and procuring an enjoyable, rewarding career.These two objectives, receiving an education and job position, are two things, according to Andrew Cherlin that young adults are completing before considering marriage (2004852). Stefan Buzar, Philip E. Ogden, and Ray mansions article titled, Households matter the quiet demography of urban transformation, is in accordance with Cherlins report, stating that the new trends being discovered in family demographics allow in evidence supporting the idea that not only are the traditions surrounding marriage devolving, but marriage itself is changing and is often being put dispatch by adults (2005416).Not only are members of North American society delaying marriage, but some are assuming roles in an entirely different form of marriage than that historically accepted. This fo rm is that of same-sex relationships. Homosexuality and the Nuclear Family Once prohibited, same-sex unions are no longer a thing of the past, as the lesbian-gay community has ask ford and is continuing to receive support from North American society regarding both marriage legalization and lifestyle recognition (Bala and Bromwich 2002148).This statement is in agreement with Cherlins article, The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage, in which he discusses how the deinstitutionalization of marriage was influenced not only by the acceptance of lifestyles such as cohabitation and non-marital conception, but also by the window of opportunity the aforesaid(prenominal) factors created for same-sex relationships to emerge as a new lifestyle choice (2004852).Same-sex unions, which are now accepted in many countries including Canada and a number of American States is the newest rundown to the breakdown of marriage as an institution, yet despite its unspoken level of normalcy, organiz ations such as the Roman Catholic Church do not view it in positive light. In fact, in January 2001, the Vatican released a document attacking homosexual unions as a deplorable distortion, supportifying a serious sign of the contemporary breakdown in the moral conscience (Bala and Bromwich 2002165). The disdain towards same-sex partnership however, is not seen in all religious communities.Similar to legal institutions, they too are soft changing their perspectives on gay and lesbian marriages. The shift from, at one point in time, displaying no support for same-sex unions whatsoever to showing an increasing amount annually suggests that there is new hope for the diversity of family demographics. The Future of Family Structures The out-dated, seemingly archaic beliefs that a family is comprised of a man, woman, and their dependent children is now steadily being replaced in North American society by the ideology that a family unit can consist of a number of combinations of men, wome n, and children.From single parents with children to large step-families and from gay and lesbian couples to habitually single individuals, the information and knowledge discussed in this literature review is purposed to open the eyes of North American society and equip them with the ability to pronto accept the new and more diverse family structures mentioned and prepare society for the new definition of family. As discussed in Andrew Cherlins article, the future of the North American family structure cannot be determined exactly.Rather, it can be hypothesised that family demographics will pass over to change and create more diverse structures, or the demographics will revert to the way they were during the era of the American Dream (2004858). Studying family demographics and the factors that influence their changes is important to society because in order to be fully accepting of new family forms, the North American society must first understand them. In fact, Jean M.Lynch states in her article, Considerations of Family Structure and Gender Composition The Lesbian and gay Stepfamily that, the study of alternative family forms as rum and a recognition of distinct challenges and strengths is of paramount importance in expanding the family studies research, (200094). North American society is becoming increasingly inclusive of multifaceted family forms. Factors mentioned in this literature review such as divorce, remarriage, single parenting, are continuously impacting demographics concerning family diversity.The iteration of defining a contemporary North American family has, and likely will continue to change over the years. However, in continuing to accept a variety of family structures, North American societies will move forward demographically, and therefore promote promote development of the family structure. References Bala, Nicholas. , and Rebecca Jaremko Bromwich. 2002. Context and Inclusivity in Canadas Evolving Definition of the Family. Internatio nal Journal of Law, Policy, and the Family 16(2)148 Buzar, Stefan, Philip E. Ogden, and Ray Hall. 2005. Households matter the quiet demography of urban transformation. Progress in gentlemans gentleman Geography 29(4) 416. Cherlin, Andrew J. 2005. American Marriage in the Early Twenty-First Century. The Future of Children 15(2)33-55 Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4)849 Cherlin, Andrew J. 2010. Demographic Trends in the United States A retread of Research in the 2000s. Journal of Marriage and Family 72(3)409 Godina, E. 2001. Review of Understanding Stepfamilies Their Structure and Dynamics. Edited by Craig A. Everett.Journal of Biosocial Science 33(2)317-318 Lynch, Jean. 2000. Considerations of Family Structure and Gender Composition The Lesbian and Gay Stepfamily. Journal of Homosexuality 40(2)81-95 Rasul, Imran. 2003. The Impact of Divorce Laws on Marriage. Department of Business, University of Chic ago and CEPR, Chicago, Illinois. Unpublished manuscript. Retrieved 4 November 2011 http//www. cepr. org/meets/wkcn/3/3519/papers/Rasul. pdf Wolfers, Justin. 2006. Did Unilateral Divorce Laws Raise Divorce Rates? A Reconciliation and New Results. The American Economic Review 96(5)1806, 1814.

Colligative Properties Essay

Abstr actionSeveral experiments were performed to observe the colligative properties. This includes the freeze institutionalize depression, and osmotic pressure. Two ice baths were made, one with pure urine, the other with common flavor irrigate. The lowest temperature was then record for each bath and compared. The salt water had a trim down freezing point than the pure water by 2 degrees which supports the hypothesis that resolving powers have a lower freezing point than pure water. The second property observed was osmosis pressure. This experiment used a 6 atomic number 49 piece of dialysis tubing that was filled 2/3 full with light Karo syrup and tied off. past it was write outly submerged in a boastfully glass bowl of room temperature distilled water. The dialysis tubing acts as a semi-permeable barrier and water passed through to inside the render and over the next several hours, this act caused the tube to swell. Osmosis is where water moves from an area of high c oncentration to low concentration, thus causing the tube to swell.The last experiment involved placing an clump in a jar of vinegar. After 24 hours, the shell of the egg completely disintegrated. past the jar was rinsed and refilled with Karo syrup where the egg was submerged for 48 hours. This allows osmosis to take place where the water inside the egg leaves and moves outside where thereis a lower concentration of water. Thus, making the mass of the egg smaller. This series of experiments takes a closer look at the colligative properties, specifically the freezing point depression and the osmotic pressure. Colligative properties is where the concentration of solute agencyicles in a solution is what is important and not necessarily the chemical identity of the solute.The first infract of this experiment focuses on the freezing point depression. The freezing point depression is based on the idea that a solution freezes at a lower temperature than the freezing point of purewater . Finding the freezing point of a message allows the molar mass of a substance to be calculated. The second part of this experiment observes the colligative property of osmotic pressure. Osmosis is based on the idea that water will go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. With this information, we sight determine the identity of a substance.PurposeDetermine the freezing point of waterFind the freezing point of a solutionObserve osmotic pressure.ProceduresFirst, an ice water bath was prepared filling a 100ml beaker halfway with cool tap water and adding a pinch of salt and some crush ice. Then, the temperature was recorded with a thermometer placed in a test tube until a consistent temperature was observed and recorded. Then the test tube was placed in the ice bath. Then, the thermometer was stirred inside the test tube continuously while the temperature was recorded every 30 seconds until the temperature was consistent again for 5 consecutive reading s. The similar procedure was repeated a second time, though this time with some salt in the test tube. Another ice bath was prepared in a 100ml beaker filling it halfway with distilled water and a pinch of salt. An 1/8 teaspoon of iodized salt with distilled water filled up other test tube. The initial temperature was recorded until a consistent temperature was observed.Then, the test tube was placed in the ice bath, while the thermometer was stirred inside the test tube recording the temperature at 30 second intervals until a consistent temperature was observed. Initially, the temperature of the salt water mixture did not decrease substantially so another 1/8 teaspoon of iodized salt was added. The second property we observed was osmotic pressure. A 6 inch piece of dialysis tubing was placed in room temperature water for 30 minutes to soak. One end of the tubing was sealed off by tying the end in a knot. Then the tubing was filled 2/3 full with light Karo syrup and the other end was tied shut leaving some space to expand.Then the tubing was placed in distilled water over a period of several hours and recorded and observed. The last experiment also observed osmosis. An ordinary life-sized white egg was placed in a quart size mason jar filled halfway with white vinegar and the palpebra screwed shut. Then, it soaked for 24 hours and was rinsed off with distilled water. The jar was rinsed out as well and refilled half the mason jar with light Karo syrup. The egg was placed back in the jar with the Karo syrup with the lid shutThe eggs changes were observed and recorded over several days. Temperatures for the Ice Bath experimentAnswers to Lab QuestionsPart 1B. The freezing point of the pure water is -2 degrees while the freezing point of the salt solution is -5 degrees. C. The salt solution has a lower freezing point because water is the only thing that freezes, so the salt is left behind. Molecules must enter and leave the solid phase at the same rate. This oc curs at a lower temperature for the solution because of the dehydration pressure. D. Some practical applications of cognitive properties include salting the roads in the winter.The salt lowers the freezing point of snow/ice, so it takes a lower temperature for roads to freeze over. Antifreeze in a car can be used to lower the freezing temperature and also it can be used to raise the boiling point so cars will not overheat in the summer months. Freeze drying is an example of vapor pressure lowering. The vapor pressure of the surrounding air is lowered, and it causes the surrounding air to take heat from the substance which then freezes which preserves perishable materials.Part 2A. The dialysis bag is like to a cell tissue layer. It allows water and small particles through, while stopping large particles from passing through. It is different from a cell membrane because a cell membrane uses many processes to transport materials across the membrane including active transport and pass ive transport, while the dialysis tubing simply uses diffusion. B. The Karo syrup is hypertonic to the egg. Th concentration is higher(prenominal) outside the egg than inside, so the water moves outside of the egg.C. N=MRT8.34 mmHg osmotic pressure23.6 degrees Celcius0.5 L of solution containing 0.302 grams of antibiotic8.34 mmHg * 1atm/760 mmHG = 0.01097 atm0.01097 atm = M (0.0821) (23.6 +273 = 296.6 K)M = 0.01097atm/(0.0821*296.6K)M = 0.01097atm/24.35086M = 4.505X 10-4 moles of antibioticMoles = molarity X Volume(4.505 X 10-4 moles/L) X (0.5 L) = 2.2525 X 10-4 moles0.302g/2.2525 X 10-4 moles = 1340g/moleResults/AnalysisThe freezing point of the solution was -5 degrees, while the freezing point of the pure water was -3 degrees, This is a 2 degrees difference in the freezing points. This supports the hypothesis that solutions have lower freezing points. The freezing point depression is a colligative property used to calculate the molar mass of a substance. However, It was not possib le to calculate the molar mass of our substance because with a home lab kit there was no weighing involved. We were still able to record and determine the freezing point of both distilled water as well as salt water. Given more tools to properly execute the experiment, we would have come out with more ideal result and complete results.For the Karo syrup experiment, after several hours of observing the Karo syrup in the dialysis tubing. The tubing swelled up some, however too much Karo syrup was placed in the bag and there was not much room left to swell. The egg was placed in vinegar and the shell completely disappeared after about 24 hours. Then, when placed in Karo syrup for a 48 hours, the eggs mass appeared smaller. The water inside the egg moved out into the surrounding solution, therefore making the eggs mass smaller. ConclusionThe freezing point depression was observed for pure water as well as salt water. The salt water ice bath had a lower freezing point which supports our original hypothesis. Osmotic pressure was observed both in the egg experiment and in the dialysis tubing experiment. The egg lost its water content and the dialysis tubing swelled up. Even though the basiccolligative properties were demonstrated with these experiments, more accurate results would have been obtained in a more controlled environment. Knowing the weight of the salt would have been helpful in determining the molecular mass.

Advertising white chocolate

This advert depart aim at introducing gaberdine umber in the Indian market. The following is a brief about the advisement.White chocolate is a portfolio of the Cadbury chocolate. Unlike the other chocolate which are dark purple in appearance, white chocolate comes in white milky color. It also comes in different sizes starting with 45 gram bars, 100 gram bars, and 250 gram bars or the King size bar. It is generally preferred dues to it color and its grainy texture which turns very smooth in the mouth.(ii) Advertising objectivesThe following give be the objectives of this advertisement putting into consideration that this will be the first time the crop will be appearing in the market. Induce trail usage of the product Intensify usage of the product Build a personality brand appeal Generate sales lead(iii) Target marketAccording to the market research data, it has been shown that white chocolate is famous among the feminine element of the population. However chocolate is famous among children and therefore this advertisement will be target both market. It will be aiming at reaching both the female adult population and children(iv) Positioning statementThis advisement will be aiming to create a brand personality around the dream. Therefore it will be verbalised in such a way that it appear to the around female characteristic so that they can associate themselves with the brand.In order to create positioning by means of association, the advertisement the following position statementMy white chocolate, my dream(v) primal messagesThere are key message that will e expressed in this advertisement. Key among them will be the aim of creating a close association with the brand. The advertisement will look to appeal to the female market segment by associated with most of the characteristics that they like.For example the advisement will be produced in blue and white colors which have been found favorite among women.The other message that the advertisement will be taking across to the consumer is equipment casualty advantage. Although there is not close competitor in the white chocolate market, it is clear that the chocolate the dark chocolate has dominated the market. Therefore it will be looking at appealing to the population to consider switching on to the white chocolate due to its price advantage.Media planThe marketing plan will use three channels for advertisement. These will include broadcast media, print media, and internet.

The Water Wars In Central Asia Environmental Sciences Essay

Water promises to be to the twenty-first century what oil was to the twentieth century the cherished trade profound that determines the wealth of states . The 20th century g overned states with the kernel of sedulousness rough oil. Even today it is the focal agitate of inter national struggle, ordering a states ability to affairping in both planetary political relations and the planetary economic system. The 21st century promises to regulate states with the kernel of life clean body of water. Driven by fickle conditions forms, intensive irrigation, and population force per unit areas, water system is increasingly vent a scarce trade good and is developing into a gaseous state of international instability and struggle.An illustration of H2O s ability to impact an country in the 21st century can be found in the Central Asian States, and the dehydration of the Aral Sea. The enlargement of irrigated agricultural land area and hydroelectric power, determined to be the root pr oduces of the Aral Sea catastrophe, have continued im clotheable to miss of collaborative action by the impertinently independent provinces of the sectionalization. The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya supply fresh water to the upstream provinces of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan, and the downstream states Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. These states are going increasingly competitory over H2O in the procedure, go forthing the dehydration of natural formations like the Aral Sea as an acceptable cost. The competition over H2O comes from the H2O intensive cotton wool harvest, which dominates the agribusiness in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. Cotton bears a important foreign currency earner for the part and is a major supplier of employment, but entreats big sums of H2O from the part, which the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers struggle to supply. The indiscriminate employ of H2O to fuel cotton production h as been in pattern since the early 1960 s and is doing terrible environmental jobs, such as the drying of the Aral Sea, clime alteration, H2O and dirt saltiness, and H2O, dirt and air pollution. Increasing poverty, quickly turning populations, and the pattern of economic nationalism alternatively of regional cooperation by the autocratic governments of part, are the ingredients for future tenseness, societal instability, and possible struggle in Central Asia.These developments will be interpreted in a political economic system model, going from the Soviet s forced cotton production, which is analyzed in the 2nd subdivision of this paper. Water is an progressively scarce resource in the part that is under force per unit area stemming from economic involvements, such as hydroelectric coevals and agricultural production. The environmental involvements of biodiversity, bettering supports of the part s population and the resurgence of the Aral Sea are underrepresented and hence unhea rd.The environmental debasement of the Aral Sea is examined in greater item in the tertiary subdivision of this paper. The dehydration of the Aral Sea has far making effects in the part, impacting the clime and biodiversity. Desert air currents can transport 1000000s of dozenss of contaminated sand and salt from the country that was one time the Aral Sea, and lodge them on agricultural land all over the part. The effects of these polluted sand and salt sedimentations are farther amplified by the hapless drainage systems and the sluicetful H2O logging, that have ca subprogramd dirt salt to go an increasing environmental job. Rising salt degrees have cause the ecology of the part to degrade to the point where many countries are going inhospitable, payable to the barbarous downward spiral fueled by poorness and environmental debasement.The concluding subdivision critics the institutional model behind the H2O direction of the part. Foregrounding the displacement from a centrally run parceling of H2O by the Ministries of Land Reclamation and Water Resources ( Minvodkhoz ) located in Moscow to more regionally located signifiers of H2O direction, following the crash of the Soviet Union. Since so it has cash in ones chips imperative that upstream states like Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan jointly allocate H2O resources with downstream states like Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. New establishments have been created to supervise this procedure as each twelvemonth, at the presidential degree understandings are negotiated to stipulate the sum of H2O allocated to each state. There has been small alteration at the micro-level except in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where Water Users Associations ( WUA ) have been established. In both Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, both major consumers of H2O, the cardinal allotment and direction of H2O is still practiced in the absence of local anaesthetic reforms. The usage it or lose it r ule, the result of the Soviet s centrally planned H2O allotment patterns, are still in pattern due to the deficiency of countenances forestalling the abuse or inducements advancing the preservation of H2O.The continued ingestion of H2O at current degrees, coupled with the low efficiency ratios briefly practiced, will take to increased degrees of dirt salt and the farther irreversible debasement of the Aral Sea landmark. In a divided Central Asia stricken with a deteriorating environment, the scarceness of H2O has leave to increased tensenesss and may, given clip, lead to serious struggle. Many in the part believe that entree to H2O is God-Given, which contributes to the local regime s deficiency of concrete action against the current scarceness confronting the part, that is itself semisynthetic. Merely reduced and more efficient ingestion of H2O in Aral Sea basin supervised by efficient micro and macro-organizations, coupled with interregional cooperation, would be able to com e on the part to a sustainable hereafter.The Soviet s centering of WaterThe former Soviet Central Asia consists of chiefly steppes and comeuppances. This environment had traditionally limited the development of colonies and the attach toing agribusiness to oases, fed by rivers or belowground reservoirs cognize as aquifers. Soviet regulation changed all this, with forced collectivisation. Much of the traditional methods of sustainable cropping forms were forcibly altered to large-scale individual harvest methods that required a H2O direction substructure composed of surface irrigation systems.Regions like the Fergana Valley that were irrigated and specialized in cotton as a hard currency harvest, had a considerable comparative advantage over countries non bring forthing white gold . In the early 1960 s Moscow took notice of this comparative advantage and began to cook a quasi-monoculture, turning Cardinal Asia into a natural stuffs manufacturer for the fabric industries of the m ore cardinal Soviet Union. Cotton rapidly became the life-bread of the outer agriculturally based Soviet democracies, an indispensable trade good in their political economic systems. This patterned advance is illustrated by the province of Uzbekistan, which became one the largest cotton bring forthing states in the universe. The victory or failure of cotton began to order the destiny of political elites in the Soviet Socialistic Republics ( SSRs ) , which lead to extended corruptness such as the over and underreporting of cotton production and the forced governance of labour to optimise cotton production. These corrupt patterns shortly became basiss of Uzbek, Tajik, and Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republics economic systems and the agricultural industry of the part.As the production of cotton in the Central Asiatic part increased quickly, the study for H2O became despairing, due to the clime s agricultural inhospitality and demand for irrigation. Water, at the clip, seemed copiousl y supplied by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya and lead to the building of great canals like the KaraKum canal, stretching more than 1,100 kilometer from the Amu Darya to Turkmenistan. The cragged countries of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan are the get downing point for both rivers, which are mostly consumed by the agriculturally demanding countries of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This division between upstream and downstream states and the resulting differential entree is one of the chief causes of tenseness refering H2O use in the part.The moneymaking enlargement of cotton land area, best illustrated by Uzbekistan, created a quickly increasing demand for agricultural irrigation, and began deviating mass measures of H2O to provide it. In Uzbekistan cotton s enlargement was unprecedented, spread outing from an end product of 441,600 hectares in 1913, to 1,022,600 sunburns in 1940, to 1,427,900 sunburns in 1960, to every bit much as 2,103,000 sunburns in 1987. In Uzbekistan cotton became known as King Cotton , providing a antecedently bare state with an unprecedented hard currency harvest and provided employment to the bulk of its citizens. The Uzbek s flourishing cotton industry had one fatal defect it relied wholly on the handiness of H2O, in a part missing abundant H2O. The efficiency of H2O use was minimum due to a hapless substructure trusting on unlined and exposed canals, where exit is highly high, with the bulk of H2O either evaporating or oozing into the land.These inefficient H2O direction patterns lead to a diminishing sum of H2O in truth making the Aral Sea, and by the 1960 s the sum of H2O making the Aral Sea began to dunk below the 50 kmA? to keep the sea degree at the clip. In the 30 old ages that followed ( 1960-1990 ) , the Aral Sea shank to merely half its original surface country. By the twelvemonth 2007 the Aral Sea had shrunk to merely ten per centum of its original size. The do waste toing toll on the environment caused by the irre sponsible, regulated, and irreguardless ingestion of H2O in the part, at this point can non be reversed, and has threatened to do the climb part inhospitable due to the salinization of its dirt.Interestingly plenty the drying out of the Aral Sea did non halt or even decelerate during the decennary of passage from Soviet regulation. The freshly independent states were concerned with their ain single wellbeing, with a focal point on the employment and foreign currency cotton production brought, instead than that of the part as a whole. The states of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, were trapped politically to maintain cotton production changeless even when spread outing the production of other harvests. This was due to cotton s incontestable value in the states economic systems, disenabling policy shapers from traveling to more sustainable resource direction even if they wanted to.The agricultural demand for H2O by the downstream states and the hydro electric demand by upstream states, over the last 10 old ages, have non been contained. Agricultural H2O usage has remained more or less the same, even with a displacement to more diverse and sustainable harvests. Overall cropping forms for the Central Asiatic part was 40 % cotton and 7 % wheat in 1990, which shifted to 35 % cotton and 30 % wheat by 2000. This displacement resulted in no bead in H2O ingestion, even though wheat is a less water-intense harvest. This is due to the parts deficiency of efficient H2O conveyance substructure and H2O direction, show by the signally high demand for H2O, in comparing to other cotton bring forthing states. The deficiency of authorities financess to better substructure and educate citizens about efficient H2O direction could be blamed, but in all world the demand for a revival of self-sustainable agriculture patterns in the part is what is truly needed.Management & A ReformsAfter the prostration of the Soviet Union, the centralized and regio nally focussed H2O direction tactics antecedently practiced were abandoned. New national and regional organisations were formed during the passage cessation after 1991. An understanding was reached during February of 1992 to organize the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination ( ICWC ) , comprised of the cinque freshly independent Central Asian states. This organisation was responsible for H2O allotment in the Aral Sea basin, but lacked the foresight to turn to jobs like H2O quality, salt, and the authorization to efficaciously pull off possible struggle state of affairss that could happen. In March of 1993 a subsequent understanding established organisations like the Interstate Council on the Aral Sea ( ICAS ) , moving as an consultative commission for the five provinces of the part. This lead to the formation of the International Fund for the Aral Sea ( IFAS ) in order to fund the assorted activities of ICAS, followed by the constitution of a Sustainable Development Commiss ion, concentrating on protect the environment of the part and socioeconomic development. ICAS and IFAS were shortly merged to organize a new IFAS empowered by a board of deputy curates, giving the organisation comparatively more power.At the basin degree of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya, H2O direction was delegated to single Water Basin Associations or Basseynoe Vodnoe Obedinenie ( BVOs ) . These organisations oversaw the H2O direction of basins that affected five freshly independent provinces, including the communicating substructure, pumping systems, canals, power supply, and distribution systems from the several rivers beginning to its basin on the Aral Sea. These BVOs did non nevertheless control drainage, as this duty fell to the national H2O governments. Dispite the bureaucratic muss that the complexnesss and sheer experience of bureaus that were created to cover with H2O direction in the part, organisations like the BVOs lacked the support of international jurisprudence, inten ding that understandings and resource direction put for the by these organisations could be ignored with no effect.This deficiency of authorization is farther illustrated by the absent acknowledgment by province legislative assemblies and the support duties, proportionable to H2O allotment portions, which merely two of five states on a regular basis complied with. The deficit of support besides hampered the ability of BVOs and similar organisations to map and even keep the basic substructure that they were founded to set up. Originally IFAS was to be financed yearly by allotments of one per centum of the five member states Gross National Product, this figure was reduced to 0.3 % for Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, and to 0.1 % for Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. These decreases in budget allotments were farther impeded by late payments and the deficiency of payment wholly, as some provinces concluded that the financess allocated for IFAS would be better utilized within their ain boundary lines. This meant that organisations like IFAS could non number on regular parts to fund direct operational costs or to fund big substructure care, fix, and betterment doing the bing H2O direction construction to farther deteriorate.

SURPLUS STYLES

Derrick should take to solve his problem. Derrick should firstly identify the factors that this organic change would entail. He has to ensure that whatever adjustments in the supply chain schema he will implement should drive and support the business strategy as a well designed supply chain can provide rivalrous benefit. In order to continue leveraging the competition and maintain the identical path of gaining costs reductions and compete on a cost productivity advantage he can opt to increase sales volumes or enforce an efficient supply chain network.Efficient apply chain network can increase efficiency and improve productivity as such reduce boilersuit cost per unit. He should research potential suppliers assess the cost of possible disclosesourcing also identify key tech oenology to assist with this new direction. Establishing and grammatical construction new relationships through the supply chain will be paramount since the Strategy has now changed.Investigating the compe tition, possible merchants and associated costs of other suppliers should be an avenue to adopt as even though the focus was initially on costs the priorities have now shifted as organic and CEO friendly rodents be to a greater extent expensive than regular products. Getting all aspects of the chain aligned and workable to fit the modified supply chain design should take precedence. Should Derrick ask for the mandatory changes from the current suppliers? If they do not comply, should he solicit new suppliers?How might he do this? It is definitely k for Derrick to ask for the required changes from the current supplier. He has maintained and fostered a relationship with them over the years and this can also be viewed as break apart of building further relationships in the supply chain. If they are not familiar with organic CEO roundly products they could be afforded the first opportunity to continue business provided they are willing to facilitate the request. This can spurious ne w future potential business for them as well.If they do not comply then he reserves the right to research and seek out other possible vendors. This new direction of organic products that the company has undertaken comes with great responsibility as the companys bottom line is dependent on it. The company with the champion of Derrick has in the past successfully competed on cost and has used competitive bidding to select suppliers and award yearlong contracts. He should be able to accomplish the same with the new specifications and supply chain design. Should Derrick go through a competitive bid in the future?If so, should he do it for all purchased products or just some products? Based on the high level of competitive environment experienced in todays marketplace garnering a sustainable competitive advantage is definitely a priority for companies. Even though organic products are more expensive he should still try to minimize costs. Utilizing a competitive bid process in the futur e could be recommended for Derrick as this strategy has worked effectively in the past for the company. This can be used for obtaining the best products at cheaper costs.Continuing on the same path should assist him to maintain and align all factors such as costing, innovation, distribution, and product quality and customer service as part of the supply chain strategy. What are the differences when looking for suppliers to meet cost standards versus quality standards? The quality of a product is usually lacking if costs is the only occasion a company is focused on. Most companies who compete on costs are only focused at offering the lowest price possible. This strategy requires going to the cheapest suppliers rather than focusing on gig quality components.

Case Stu

dyCASE STUDY Case 1 Haier in India building presence in mass merchandise beyond china wargon 1. Why did Haier enter India? What did it plan to achieve in this new mart? At First, Haier started as a sm only refrigerator factory in China. Zhang Ruimin coif great emphasis on product quality, so he never tolerated any faulty refrigerators. By creating products under the value of quality awareness, Haier became the worlds biggest appliance seller by retail volume. In 1990s, Haier marched into global markets and used internationalisation scheme.Haier do a great effort to break the bias that made-in-China products are of confused quality. As Haier achieved success in the US and atomic number 63 by creating high quality bell ringer form, it widened its scope more and more. At the time of 1980s, India was non a good target market for Haier to betterment because the Indian government was acting very defensive to foreign companies. However in 1991, as India experient payment crisis , the country had to liberalize and open up the market to foreign investments. As China encouraged companies to go overseas by subsidizing by indemnity banks loans, Haier decided to enter the Indian market.China chose Indian market as a target because India had the worlds second most populated economy and was experiencing fast economic growth. The growth rate was similar to the one seen when Haier first achieved success in china. Also, Haier could expect several advantages from Indian market such as emerging disposable income, an expanding middle class, and a relatively low entry barrier in the white good market. Banerjee, Haier Indias president, noticed that as the company was already gaining power as a major player in global market, appropriate carcass and direction would give Haier huge opportunities in the expanding market of India.Banerjee made specific targets for the company to garner 20% of Indias white goods market in five years and to become one of the top three indu stries in seven years. Also he wanted to build an integrated manufacturing facility. The background of entry to Indian market was sooner attractive. Indias white goods market, where Haier wanted to hue and achieve in top rank, was a growing piece of pie. From the materials offered in the case, EXHIBIT 3, the home appliance sector was growing between 11% and 14% per year and Consumer Electronics sector was growing from 11% to even 30% in 2003.Economic growth brought increase of household income and middle-class. This is a positive situation for Haier because there would be more double-income and nuclear families which means more expect for house appliances. As Haier was already a global brand, it tried to expand its market more widely. As a result, India seemed to be suitable because its gross population was huge, and India was a developing country where more people would crave appliance as time goes by. Haier regarded India as a chance to generate disposable income for electroni cs purchases.With anticipation of the high market demand, Haier had plans for new plants, new production lines, capacity expansions, and even Greenfield investments. 2. Evaluate Haiers entry dodging in India. What was and was not working? Why? Although many Chinese companies choose to first enter developing countries and then later more developed countries, Haier approached in an opposite way. So at the time when Haier entered Indian market, the company already had experience in high-end markets in the US and Europe.Because US and Europe market is progress market and competition is more fierce, Haier would have already known some strategies to appeal customers. Although Haier had experience and sources to attract customers, the entry strategies used in India were not all successful. Their production anticipation turned out to be too hasty. On the other hand, photo setting strategy was quite successful because their global branding strategy made Indian people believe Haier as a h igh quality brand, not many knowing Haier as a Chinese brand.The price strategy that Haier first adopted was a premium price strategy, which seemed to be appropriate when considering other giant brands such as LG or Samsung were adopting low pricing strategies. It could be a way to set the cost higher than major brands if entering company thinks price would not be a competitory factor in the market. One entry strategy that Haier and other company werent successful at first was the anticipation of high market demand in 2004. As Indian market was a growing market, companies expected the demand would rise significantly.As a result, they increased the production capacity. However, they were over-reacting to the market trend. Market demand could not catch up the production amount, so the refrigerator industry should have been overstocked. As an entry strategy, Haier adopted a global branding strategy in 2004. Before, Haier usually had an image as an export-based company, but Zhang wante d to hit a name brand in the host market so that they could create an image as a global brand. In fact, Haier wanted to hide its Made in China image which implicates cheap and low-quality products.This branding exercise worked quite well, because people perceived the company as a Germany or the US brand. It seems that market positioning strategy adopted by Haier when entering the Indian market was quite tactical. Korean giants such as LG and Samsung took low pricing strategy, and Haier could have felt burdened to lower the price even lower than them. It is because if quality of Haiers appliances turns out to be similar to those companies, and the price is similar or higher than them, not many customers would challenge to buy Haiers.Nonetheless, Haier was confident because they already had experiences in Europe and the US market, and was quite well known as a global brand. As a result, instead of participating in a price war with other giant companies, Haier took premium price strat egy in India. Haier rather decided to emphasize their quality in the market, which seemed to be the strategy of fighting in a value war The premium price strategy could be seen as both a success factor and failure factor. Overall, Haier succeeded to implant an image of global and premium brand in the Indian market.The perception of customers about Haier was homogeneous to what the company wanted their customers to have about them. However, image does not continuously make the company become successful. Haier showed quite disappointing revenue growth until 2009, which demonstrates that after all the company might not have won in the value war. Maybe the premium price strategy was not an option but an unavoidable plan, considering that giant brands were placed rigidly in the market already. 3. Discuss Haiers localization model in India and other markets. Were they different? If so, why?As the EXHIBIT 1 in the given material shows, Haier adopted different strategy models through timel ine. In the early stage of the company, about 1984, Haier adopted Brandbuilding Strategy. The company itself was not settled yet so it had to build a brand image and notify to customers. Then from 1990, the company started to take diversification strategy. It is also the beginning of global strategy, when Haier started to export their products to the US and Germany. From 1998, Haier selected internationalization strategy, which means not merely merchandise to overseas but marching to global market worldwide.From 2005, which was right after the company entered Indian market, the corporation took global brand strategy. Haier wanted to appeal itself as a global brand image with high quality and confidence. This flow of strategies proves that Haier incessantly worked hard to broaden its market strategically. From the stage when the company used internationalization strategy, when the company starts to actually find market abroad rather than merely exporting, Haier consistently adopted a Three-in-One localization strategy. Three-in-One localization means that Haier would position itself as a local brand, produce locally, carry out a local sales strategy and create products tailored to locals needs. Basically, localization means adapting the production system and product itself to the circumstances of local industry. Through Three-in-One localization strategy, Haier could realize straightforward localization which means the company could follow the locals needs at maximum level. Haiers localization strategy was rather tactical than other localization strategies. When Haier began operations in India, the company did not execute rapid localization.Instead, it took a step-by-step approach, starting from outsourcing. When sales volume grew large enough, it was right time to start acquiring local assets and doing local production on its own. Haiers approach in the US was similar to the one later chosen in India. When sales grew large enough, the company began Three-in- One plan. By building design centre, Haier realized true localization. The material given states that Haier also replicated this model in Europe. After all, Haiers localization method seems to be basically similar in India and other countries.The variety of localization model in India and other countries would be more developed localization strategies adopted in India from the experiences of other countries. For example, Haier used factory in India to dress as a sourcing hub to markets in Africa, the Middle East, and Southern and Western Asia. Maybe it was the geographical advantage of India that could utilize this localization strategy. Mostly, the localization strategies were similar in different countries, starting from Three-in-One localization. According to the situation of each country, Haier tactically and slowly accessed to the market.After building factories which means actual production being fully held in the specific country, Haier reinforced centers such as showrooms in retail outlets or design centers to make customers feel close to their products. Localization model used in India might not be regarded appropriate because for six years since its launching, the overall result was not satisfactory. However, from the point of arrival in India to the point of becoming as a brand well known in the country, the Three-in-One localization skill seems to be worked effectively.

Maslows Hierarchy of needs Essay

I am basing my Theory and Application on some(prenominal) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Lockes Goal Setting Theory. Theory and ApplicationMaslows Hierarchy of NeedsMaslows Hierarchy of Needs was first published by psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 article, A Theory of Human Motivation . Abraham Maslow believed that that as humans strive to meet our most basic needs, we also seek to satisfy a higher set of needs. Maslow presented these needs in a hierarchy that consisted of the by-line1. Physiological/bodily needs.2. sanctuary needs.3. Love/belonging needs.4. Self-esteem.5. Self-actualization.I am going to describe to for each one one level in the hierarchy of needs and evaluate them in terms of evidence that shows that they hunt down and that they ar utile for managers in understanding how they might motivate their staff. The fashion model I am using is disposition and motivating health c ar employees integrating Maslows hierarchy of needs, prepare and tech nology by Suzanne G. Benson PhD and Stephen P. Dundis JD, PhD. With alone the challenges facing the health sector, there was a need to understand how the managers could motivate the staff. This was becoming increasingly concerning and this is where Maslows Hierarchy of Needs proved useful. Maslow created a pyramid split into 5 levels, each containing one of the 5 needs. level 1 Physiological needsPhysiological needs atomic number 18 the basic survival needs such as oxygen, food, water, shelter etc. Unless these basic needs are fulfillight-emitting diode, the individual provide be unable to move to the next level, as these are these needs are needed for survival. In work terms, these basic needs would be wages. If an employee is universe paid fairly he/she ordain be dexterous to move to the next level of the hierarchy. If not, they will be thinking about why they arent being paid fairly and the next levels wont be in their mind. Level 2 Safety NeedsWhen physiological needs are fulfilled, safety needs come into consideration.This involves not only a safe working environment merely mental safety. In this slip-up training has a king-size influence because workers see training as a way of being safe. Managers essentialiness bemuse employees regard that with new technology brings change. Employees feel that they are under pressure with the new technology leading to advancements in computers. They feel they are inadequately trained and this is where managers must spend resources, time and money on training. Level 3 Love/ Belonging NeedsMaslow states that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation and managers must understand this to ensure employee meshing, production and motivation, etc. With the new technology in healthcare, brings in the new virtual(prenominal) teaming. Some employees might feel a lack of social presence that face to face clashing has. Managers must know this and that the opportunities to caseicipate in new and d ifferent work groups can definitely hit the ceiling an employees belongingness. Level 4 Self-EsteemSelf-esteem in a workplace is commonly establish on an employees successful coiffeance appraisals, which helps employees feel valued and respected within an organisation. This boosts self-esteem. In the case of the healthcare problem, there was an issue with the technology because employees where not known by name anyone but by numbers. When employees are not being interacted with personally by managers and other group members they feel insulted and meaningless. Managers must take this into consideration. Level 5 Self-ActualisationThe need for self-actualisation is only relevant when all needs below Self-Actualisation are fulfilled. It is the need for an employee to do what he/she feels they are meant to do. In the healthcare training, an employee should be exposed to learning that affects either single part of his/her life. The new technology offers this training but a person must be shown the right path towards the correct training in enact for it to become meaningful. Managers play a use of goods and services in doing this.Lockes Goal Setting TheoryDr Edwin Locke found from research that specific and difficult determinations led tobetter performance than easy polishs. Easy goals are not a motivating force whereas if a goal is hard, you feel more than accomplished after completing it. The harder the goal, the greater the effort. This helps motivate employees because they will mother in confidence once they complete a difficult parturiency. Goals help push employees to goal-relevant actions rather than concentrating on irrelevant matters. I believe that this is true and to motivate goals must have1. Clarity.2. scrap.3. Commitment.4. Feedback.5. line of work labyrinthianity.ClarityWhen goals are clear and specific there is less chance that there will be a misunderstanding. Managers should make goals measurable with a definitive time set for completi on, and this will in turn leave the task/goal a lot more precise. If an employee is set a clear objective he/she is because motivated towards one thing. If the goal is unclear employees will be less motivated. The goal should be Smart, Measureable and Time-bound (SMART acronym). ChallengeUsually employees feel that if a goal is very challenging and they complete it, then the manager will be impressed. This motivates an employee because they will feel accomplished and important to the company. Rewards may also boost motivation because with greater challenges comes greater rewards, so therefore managers must give employees challenging but realistic goals in order to motivate their staff. Challenges must be realistic because employees will feel demotivated if they are unable to complete the challenge. The goal should be Achievable (SMART Acronym). CommitmentGoals can be agreed upon between managers and employees. This gives the employee a sense of involvement and they are more likely to be commit to a goal if they have been involved in creating the goal and making decisions. Goals should be consistent and credible in order for the loyalty to be there. If a goal is difficult it will require a lot more commitment comparedto and easy goal therefore employees will be motivated to loll the goal completed. Agreed goals will lead to commitment (SMART Acronym). FeedbackEmployees must get feedback about their goals from their managers in order to clarify expectations and to gain recognition. Goals can be low-down down into parts when it is going to take a particularly long time to reach out a goal. Feedback can then be given after each part in order to get a task done efficiently. Regular encouragement will motivate employees to reaching a goal. toil complexityWhen a goal is very difficult, employees should be given sufficient time to reach the goal. If the employee is unhappy out then they will be demotivated. Employees should be given time to practice what is n eeded to reach the goal. Difficult tasks can frustrate employees and managers have to deal with this by giving them sufficient time and training needed to complete the task.ConclusionI believe that both Maslows and Lockes theories provide a useful knowledge into how to keep an employee motivated in the workplace. Goal setting is the outmatch theory in my opinion because it is a simple step by step way on how to reach a goal without demotivating your employees. Maslows hierarchy of needs shows a manager how to make the employee feel secure, needed and comprehended in the workplace whilst also keeping them motivated to strive towards self-actualisation.Reflection and ApplicationThe theory that best explains my motivation to perform in DCU is the Goal Setting Theory. I feel this best describes my motivation to perform because I always set out goals in life, whether they are small goals or big goals. For example one of my goals in DCU is to finish with a Masters in Engineering after 5 years. This is a big goal and it requires a lot of motivation and time. My main goal at the moment is to commotion all of my staffs in my course. To do this my goal must have the 5 following steps1. Clarity.2. Challenge.3. Commitment.4. Feedback.5. Task complexity.In order to reach my goal I must evaluate the goal using these 5 steps. ClarityMy goal is clear and measurable and has a specific date for completion. Moodle plays a vital part in reaching the goal as it assists me in my studies and help me keep track of my time limits for each task. I am motivated towards my goal of passing all my modules because I know what each module consists of. ChallengeI am motivated towards finishing the first year of my course and passing each module because my course is difficult. When I finish my course I will feel accomplished in what I have done. I also know that if I do easy, it will be well received at home because they also know that it is a difficult course. I see this as a reward beca use if the course was easy I would not be as motivated to do well. CommitmentGetting involved in setting out goals also gets me motivated. It makes me feel more committed because I know I have to reach the goal because I helped set it. Although this isnt the case in most of my modules, it is in one, that is Technical Drawing. I have to set the time for our project to be finished and this adds added pressure which helps motivate me. FeedbackFeedback plays a massive role in motivating me to reach my goals. When I am told I am doing something correctly and that my work of a high standard, it motivates me because I know I am slowly reaching my goal. Feedback gives me an insight into how to do things correctly if I am doing them wrong, which is very useful when you dont know if you are doing something correctly. It can also help me gain recognition. Task ComplexityIf the work load is too much or difficult for me, I usually need more time at the task in order to reach a goal. If this is t he case I usually give up my spare time in order to work on the more complex and difficult parts of mycourse. If I am under too much pressure I will be demotivated so this is why I carry out the goal setting theory in order to keep motivated and to ensure that I reach my goals.Referenceswww.mindtools.comhttp//www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/nurs/379/960/module%209%20delegation%20perf%20appr/Benson%20unders%20and%20motiv.pdf http//home.ubalt.edu/tmitch/642/Articles%20syllabus/Locke%20et%20al%20New%20dir%20goal%20setting%2006.pdf

Attitudes Towards Technology in the Han and Roman Empires

Attitudes Towards Technology in the Han and Roman Empires DBQ 2 Technology is always changing. New ideas ar creation introduced, and innovations to current technologies are always taking place. Some may see modifications in engineering as a vital and helpful thing, while others may oppose. Upperclassmens attitudes toward engineering science, especially advancements within technology, in the Han Empire, were real approving and encouraging. In the Roman Empire, the majority of upperclassmens attitudes toward technology were very supportive, as long as the technology or advancement was invented by someone of a highly philosophical mind.Roman upperclassmen in usual had positive attitudes towards technology, as well as innovations in technology. Some higher classmen, however, looked highly upon themselves, and felt a desire anything not originating from their minds or hands was below them. Some philosophers had the attitude that anything they did not invent was lonesome(prenomina l) mean(a) and sufficient, instead of excellent and great. (Doc. 7) Along with that, some upper class political attractions believed that it was vulgar and corrupting of any man to be employed in any field of labor. Doc. 5) I placed these text files in a group unitedly because of the fact that both of the authors of the documents had extremely opinionated outlooks on technology organize by lower classmen. Both authors stated in their documents that anything created by a lower classman was only bonnie in comparison to improvements in technology created by a higher classman like a philosopher. Therefore, their attitudes toward technology was positive as long as it was created by a man higher up in society.In Document 7, an upper-class Roman philosopher and adviser to Emperor Nero named Seneca expresses that any tools created by men who are not philosophers are mediocre and insignificant. His point of deliberate is that he feels that the minds that did create the current techno logical advances in tools were quick and sharp, but not great nor elevated. His attitude towards these breakthroughs in technology are this way because of his role in society. He is a philosopher, so it his is of his role to value with an abstraction mind, imagining things from an outside of the box type of erspective. Because philosophers are trained to think this way, they would be able to create tools and new innovations in technology that could completely change how technology was viewed, leading their empires to greater and greater heights. But because of the lack of training and experience in abstract thought, he felt that normal men would tend to come up with good tools that were well make and could take care them in their day-to-day lives, but nothing groundbreaking that could have everyone captivated and amazed like great and elevated minds like his could invent.While some Roman upper class members liked only the technology invented and improved by elevated minds, that wasnt the case for all of Rome. A Roman political leader named Gaius Gracchus set up a new system of road building, paying equal attention to the functionality and the appearance of the roads. He helped travelers keep track of distance by measuring out every mile and placing a column there. As well as the columns, Gracchus placed large stones on either sides of the road at lesser intervals, so it would be easier for those who road horses to mount them. (Doc. 6) Another brilliant advancement in technology was the aqueducts.Six of the aqueducts flowed into covered containers. Then, the volume was measured by means of calibrated scales. The use of the water was not only used for what was requisite, but the water was also utilized for pleasure purposes. (Doc. 8) I grouped these two documents together since they both displayed advancements in technology without being discriminatory against those who were in lower classes. Because they both show the advancements in technology, it is e vident that the attitude toward technology was extremely positive. (Doc. 7) members of the Han Empire accepted and embraced new technologies.In fact, many government officials practically implemented new ideas in their societies. For example, Tu Shih, who was the governor of Nanyang, invented a water-powered blowing-engine for the casting of iron agricultural implements that allowed people to venerate great benefit for little labor. Not only has his invention been widely used, but it has also been follow and innovated by those who use it. (Doc. 4) Fuxi, though only a mythological emperor, was said to have invented the pestle and the mortar. end-to-end the years, his invention was cleverly improved in such a way that the ending benefit was increase a hundredfold. (Doc. ) There were times, as well, when government officials wrote to local officials describing exactly what needed to be done to assist in current problems. Though the government officials came up with such an in-depth plan and strategy, the local officials ultimately make the final call, tailoring the governmental plan to fit the individuality of each town. (Doc. 1) I grouped these documents together because they all involve a leader inventing something, with lower classmen innovating the invention. This proves that the Han Empire had a positive attitude roughly technology, and were still completely open to the aspects of change and advancements.In Document 3, an upper-class Han philosopher named Huan Tan expresses, with great enthusiasm, his point of view of the evolution of the pestle and the mortar throughout the years. In the document, it goes in depth describing all of the innovations and advancements the pestle and the mortar have gone through. This exemplifies the fact that Huan Tans attitude towards innovations in technology was devoutly positive. In Document 3, Huan Tan conveys the story of how Fuxi, who, though mythological, was an emperor, created something, which was improved by reg ular commoners.This shows that unlike the Roman philosopher in Document 7, Huan Tan shows no discrimination against the lower classes. He does not feel that in night club for truly excellent work, you must have a philosopher title. He understands that ordinary people can be the most brilliant at times, and finds the entire concept of advancement in technology astounding. An additional document I feel would be beneficial in helping to convey my thesis would be a ledger entry from the point of view of a Han Peasant, depicting their attitude towards the new advancements in technology.This is needed because every document we were given was written from the perspective of an upperclassmen. In order to more accurately response the question, I feel like we should have an reason of every socioeconomic class. I also think that in order to more efficiently analyze Document 2, we need a comparison with the journal entry from a Han Peasant. Because Document 2 talks about how individual fami lys tools were better than the government-made ones were, I think that a journal entry explaining their thoughts on family-made tools versus the government-made tools would help give a better understanding of the document.

Task 1 Eymp 1

setting and principles for headly historic period provisions. The Early age Foundation Stage was brought into force in September 2008 by orders and regulations which come under section 39 of the Childcargon Act 2006. All of the early years providers are required to subroutine the EYFS to ensure a flexible start to childrens care, learning and findment that enables new-make children to achieve the five Every Child Matters (ECM) outcomes. These 5 outcomes are staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making a positively charged contribution and achieving economic wellbeing.The EYFS is used in many different settings and some of these are works, nurseries, pre-schools, jokegroups, after school clubs, breakfast clubs and child minders. This statutory framework sets out sub judice requirements to relate to the learning and ontogeny of children and the heavy requirements relating to offbeat. there are early learning goals which are the educational programmes and the assessment ar driftments. The welfare requirements are inclined legal force by regulations made under section 39 of the Childcare Act 2006.Together the order, the regulations and the statutory framework documents make up the legal basis of the EYFS. Each individual child is supported by the EYFS because it is there to support the involve and interests of for each one individual child. There are six areas covered by the early learning goals and educational programmes. They are equ every(prenominal)y important and dep stopping point on each opposite to support the rounded forward motion to child development. All these areas much be delivered through planned, purposeful play with a balance of adult-led and child-initiated activities. These six areas are * Personal, Social and Emotional Development. Communication, Language and Literacy. * Problem-solving, Reasoning and Numeracy. * Knowledge and reasonableness of the World. * Physical Development. * Creative Development. * The EYFS has partnerships with parents and from this we know when parents and practitioners in the early years work together it has a range impact on the childrens development and learning. The EYFS does observations to look at and listening to children to find out how they are developing, what they like doing and what they are learning through their play and the other experiences they are given.Assessment in the EYFS is of two master(prenominal) types. The first type ison-going assessmentwhich is what practitioners do on a daily basis to make decisions most what the child has learned or can do already. This is to help the child move on in their learning. Another type of assessment known as summative assessment takes place twice in the Revised EYFS. Firstly when a child is between 24 and 36 months, the outcomes of this are recorded and parents and practitionersuse the asseverateation gained to identifya childs strengths and their learning take.The second assessment takes placetowa rds the end of the Early Years Foundation Stage. This is to sum up all the different information from on-going assessments that deal been made about the child. Planning in the early years is about meeting young childrens needs so that they can play and learn happily in ways which go away help them develop skills and knowledge across the Prime and Specific areas of learning in the EYFS. Development Matters in the Early Years Foundation Stage is non-statutory guidance material which is intended to support practitioners in implementing the statutory requirements of the EYFS.It shows how the four make-ups of the EYFS and the principles that inform them work together to support babies and children. A progress check is done when the child is two years old which was developed by the National Childrens Bureau. This check covers the legal requirements for the EYFS. It is done to check how the child is progressing. There is similarly a check done at 5 years old which is when children are scratch line school. The statutory framework is split into 3 sections which are the introduction, the learning and development requirements and the welfare requirements.The introduction is an overview which explains the aims and legal requirements. The learning and development requirements is the early learning goals and are a statutory requirement for all Ofsted registered providers. The welfare requirements are universal and have to be met by all Ofsted registered settings. There are 4 briny themes to the EYFS which are a unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments and learning and development. A unique child theme is there because every child is a unique child who is constantly learning and can be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured.The positive relationships are there so children can learn to be strong and indie through these positive relationships. Enabling environments is a theme because Children learn and develop which gives them experiences which respond to their individual needs and there is a strong partnership between practitioners and parents and carers. Learning and development is a theme as it means children develop and learn in different ways and the framework covers the education and care of all children in early years provision, including children with special educational needs and disabilities.There are many different theorists which have very different approaches on the early years education for children. Some of these theorists are Reggio Emilia, Friedrich Frobel, Rudolf Steiner, Susan Isaacs, Margaret MacMillan and Maria Montessori. I am only going to explain in detail about 3 of these. The 3 I have chosen are Reggio Emilia, Friedrich Frobel and Margaret MacMillan. The Reggio Emilia approach is an early childhood education approach and was started in a town in the Northern end of Italy in 1940s and is now worldwide.This approach set the potential of all children to think, learn and construct knowledge. This ap proach gives children the right to be recognised as subjects of individual, legal, gracious and social rights. The Reggio Emilia approach offers training materials and courses which are designed to promote this approach throughout Italy and the world. This approach is a progressive child-centred approach to education which believes children must be free to discover and learn for themselves. A teacher which teaches in the Reggio Emilia approach plys children to do many things and supports them in many ways e. . they allow the children to ask their own questions and to explore and generate many possibilities. The teacher provides opportunities for the children to communicate their own ideas to other children. The Friedrich Frobel approach enables children to be cherished, simulated and to flourish their full potential. Friedrich set up education systems in Germany which are electrostatic used to this day. Friedrich Frobel believes all children are like tiny flowers, they are varied , they need care but each child is beautiful alone and glorious when seen in the community of peers.He done this approach for children from birth to 7 years old and it recognises how unique each child is and every childs different areas of development as a whole. This approach provides an environment which is safe, intellectually challenging, allows free access to a rich range of materials, opportunities for play and which work close in partnership with parents and other skilled adults. The Margaret MacMillan approach emphasis relationships, feelings and ideas in the physical aspect of learning. It also works in close partnership with parents and provides play for children as Margaret believes it helps children obtain what they understand.Margaret believes in first-hand experience and active learning so she provides most of her learning through play because she believes this helps the children. She also believes children cant learn if they are undernourished, poorly clothes, sick o r ill, with poor teeth, poor eyesight, ear infections, rickets and so on. Therefore Margaret provides everything possible which is needed to help these things e. g. free school clothes and meals. She will not allow a child which is ill or sick into her environment as she believes they should be at home getting better.

The Twin Paradoxical: Acme and Omega Electronics Study Case

The Paradoxical twin meridian and zee Electronics E-mail emailprotected co. id Introduction In this case, cardinal similar electronic companies named cover and Omega, Which situated closely one to a nonher. Both of them atomic number 18 earlier formed from the same company, exactly they grew into completely various companies. Below listed their company details and unique points, mature after companys establishment cover ? ? ? ? ? ? Company size of it 550 employees, with annual sales $10 million The president John TylerRetaining the original counselling and upgrading general manager to president Has a relatively more effective focusing and bigger pull in pro equalises trouble finishing bureaucracy/ power structure culture, it is stated by John Tyler he hold the basic structure and company has a well(p) structured physical composition map. Management constrict utilise to routine and predicted activity, stated in Tyler was confident that has the look at had not been so great. , and we control been adequate to beat Omega regularly.. Omega ? ? ? ? ? ? Company size 480 employees, with annual sales $8 millionThe president Jim Rawls employ a new president who is a cause shipor of a large electronics research get the pictureatory, and upgrading several(prenominal)(prenominal) of the existing personnel within the plant. Relaying on smell to face dialogue which leads to ineffective time management. Management culture adhocracy/ entrepreneurial culture, stated in Jim Rawls did not believe in organic law charts, .. people from mechanical, electrical, mathematical output and industrial engineering got to get alongher.. , and Jim Rawls c solelyed a meeting on Friday, July 8, that included exclusively segments head.. Team oriented and parturiency based organization are utilize, based on Jim Rawls background as a researcher and his efficacy as the president. Case Summary In July 1996, on of major photocopy manufacturer was looking for a subcontractor to assemble the memory unit, whereas this cat worth $5-7 million. This project required 100 prototypes, and speed is a unfavorable factor indeed. Both apex of the suns way and Omega had at most 2 weeks to get this project done. Acme Timeline ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Monday (July 11th) Blueprint arrived and purchasing finality has been make by purchasing incision.Tuesday (July 12th) mechanical engineering received manufacturing prints and evaluated their capabilities in completing this project. Wednesday (July 13th) Purchasing found that a grouchy lot could not be purchased collectable to summertime vacation in manufacturer region. Tyler decided to enshroud on producing with the absentminded component, and add the missing on the last stage. Friday (July 15th) Mechanical engineering informed an excess meeting time cleverness be occurred because of the missing component. Monday (July 18th) Tyler got information from shipping department if most of the component has arrived.Foreman ignored the normal procedure of contacting tell apart engineers out-of-pocket to time limit. As a matter effect, the method engineers were very up inured because they moderate no retrieve in designing proper layout. They had spent an blameless weekend in analyzing the motion needed and his shape was very incompetent and imbalanced. The foreman refuses to stop blending, due to short time limit. Tyler got himself complained by the method engineers, but no one of them could change his decision and he wants to get all the prototypes ready as presently as possible. They just said each early(a) if the units must be nearly completely snatch down in tacking the missing unit.Friday (July 22nd) They have their last unit produced Tuesday (July 27th) Missing parts have delivered Wednesday (July 28th) Foreman found that they have to tear the units to install the missing units. Thursday (July 28th) Tyler decides to tear down all units. Friday (July 29th) 50 units of prototypes have been completed, and shipped without last inspection. Tuesday (August 2nd) The rest 50 units were shipped Omega ? ? ? Friday (July 8th) Jim Rawls called all department heads, and soon after he had received the blueprints. Monday (July 11th) Blueprint arrived and all department heads met to discuss this project.Wednesday (July 13th) They found that one component would not be ready in the next ii weeks. Substitution of component must be made to keep the assembly time by victimization Ja pan material. ? ? ? Friday (July 15th) on process, industrial engineering department reported that the missing component would increase the assembly time. Relaying on this, the head of electrical engineering tested and ensured that the Japan component will definitely acidify. Monday (July 18th) alone engineering ga at that placed in finishing the units needed. Friday (July 22nd) all units were completely inspected and shipped.As a result, ten of Acmes units were defective, while all Omegas units passed the test. The node was disappointed with Acmes delivery hold up and incurred further delays in repairing the defective Acme units. However, rather than giving the entire contract to one firm, the final contract was split between Acme and Omega, with two added directives maintained zero defects and reduced final cost. psychoanalysis 1. The importance of organization chart On the writers point of view, well structured organization chart is critical to illustrate distribution of management structure.This opinion supported by Colquitt which said organizational chart helps organization members and outsiders understand and comprehend how work is structured within the company (Colquitt et al, 2011). found on Harvard Business Review, there would be several disadvantages occurred within a management with not organizational chart, which listed under a. The unworkable melodic line an unworkable job heart and soul the absence of organizational chart, brings an unclear distribution or task and responsibility. One man has to do several tasks within the same time and reports to several bosses.As a matter effect, some tasks wont be completed and reported when the time needed. b. Politics An indefinite organization hierarchy oft influences members to reach the highest take of organization hierarchy. Even more, inappropriate behavior might occur to get a higher(prenominal) ascendence and power. c. Over-regulation The absence of organizational chart leads to uncertainty for job approval. One project must be sanction some of majority member of organization in front comes to realization. d. Cultural clashes Unavailability of organizational chart often leads to unidentified organizational culture.Each member claims their own culture and also bring their previous company culture. 2. scattering of authority in both company Based on Colquit (2011), elements of organizational structure divided into a. establish Specialization ? Acme individual speciality is used in Acme, where well structured of work consort has been divided into several steps of flow which precondition to different specific department. ? Omega group work is used to bring the best performance, since the tendency is to get everyone come to in finishing one project. Everyone has more or less similar knowledge and skills since everyone does all things together. . Chain of reign ? Acme sanitary structured chain of hold in Acme, creates a clear reporting order from subordinates to the manager. ? Omega Group approval is needed since almost everyone has an obligation to do everything together. Moreover decision offer only be produced after team discussion. c. cross of Control ? Acme Tall organization chart symbolized this span of control which in Acme it is shown by the organizational chart. ? Omega Relatively flat organization chart, til now though there is no organization chart. In Omega, everyone has almost the same responsibility and authority. d .Centralization ? Acme Centralized decision maker where Tyler as the decision maker or Tylers approval is the find point on organization activities. ? Omega decentralised decision maker, where everyone was involved by Rawls. e. Formalization ? Acme Standardized procedure with specific rule set to maintain working behavior in Acme, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as using memo as discourse tool (Mechanistic composition). ? Omega Flexible procedure and direct communication were highly encouraged to avoid misapprehension in Omega. The Organizational dimensions displayed as below opening Colquitt, Jason A et all (2011) 3.The influence of company outline to company distribution of authority Colquitt (2011) mentioned that company dodge has an influence on organizational structure, which described as below ? Mechanistic Organization Acme has a mechanistic organization where the efficiency strategy, and work specialization are the unique mark of this organization. ? Organic Organization Omega has an organic organization where lateral communication, deconcentrate knowledge, and low degree of work specialization to maximize organization performance. 4. Cost efficiency failure in Omega In writers opinion, there are several inefficiency recourses in Omega which ead to higher cost, which described below ? People Management Rawls encourages everyone to get involved in certain project even though they not directly related with such project. Moreover, direct contact and discussion are recommended to remove misunderstanding. ? Time Management Inefficiency of people management causes inefficient time management which several jobs gaget be completed in the same time, whereas everyone involved in one job. ? Resource Management Omega has a tendency in wasting resources for a fast solution. In this case, Omega uses substitute product to replace the missing component.Even its perfectly fit with the requirement this solution increases cost of production. 5. Personal testimonia l to Omega Washington University highly recommends the organization restructured in Omega for a better management role. Well structured organization will give a clear view of everyone role, responsibility and authority. This recommendation can be broken down into several actions which are ? Restructuring Organization Restructuring organization includes creating clear job description, organizational chart, adding and eliminating position. Omega should define each members position, task, responsibility and authority. Forming Labor Relation Labor recounting is important in manufacturing company, since large numbers of labor are employed. This organization utilized as the communication medium between labor and company management. ? flip Management Change management is needed in restructuring organization, since many things must be socialize to different. This team prioritizes the change order and methods. References Books Colquitt, Jason A et all. (2011). Organizational mien Improvin g Performance and Commitment in The workplace. McGraw-Hill Internet Corkindale, Gill. Harvard Business Review. org washington. eduThe Twin Paradoxical Acme and Omega Electronics Study CaseThe Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics E-mail emailprotected co. id Introduction In this case, two similar electronic companies named Acme and Omega, Which situated closely one to another. Both of them are originally formed from the same company, but they grew into completely different companies. Below listed their company details and unique points, right after companys establishment Acme ? ? ? ? ? ? Company size 550 employees, with annual sales $10 million The president John TylerRetaining the original management and upgrading general manager to president Has a relatively more effective management and bigger net profits Management culture bureaucracy/ hierarchy culture, it is stated by John Tyler he retained the basic structure and company has a well structured organization chart. Mana gement get used to routine and predicted activity, stated in Tyler was confident that has the demand had not been so great. , and we have been able to beat Omega regularly.. Omega ? ? ? ? ? ? Company size 480 employees, with annual sales $8 millionThe president Jim Rawls Hired a new president who is a former director of a large electronics research laboratory, and upgrading several of the existing personnel within the plant. Relaying on face to face communication which leads to ineffective time management. Management culture adhocracy/ entrepreneurial culture, stated in Jim Rawls did not believe in organization charts, .. people from mechanical, electrical, production and industrial engineering got together.. , and Jim Rawls called a meeting on Friday, July 8, that included all departments head.. Team oriented and project based organization are used, based on Jim Rawls background as a researcher and his capacity as the president. Case Summary In July 1996, on of major photocopy man ufacturer was looking for a subcontractor to assemble the memory unit, whereas this project worth $5-7 million. This project required 100 prototypes, and speed is a critical factor indeed. Both Acme and Omega had at most 2 weeks to get this project done. Acme Timeline ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Monday (July 11th) Blueprint arrived and purchasing decision has been made by purchasing department.Tuesday (July 12th) mechanical engineering received manufacturing prints and evaluated their capabilities in completing this project. Wednesday (July 13th) Purchasing found that a particular component could not be purchased due to summer vacation in manufacturer region. Tyler decided to continue on producing with the missing component, and add the missing on the last stage. Friday (July 15th) Mechanical engineering informed an additional assembly time might be occurred because of the missing component. Monday (July 18th) Tyler got information from shipping department if most of the component has arr ived.Foreman ignored the normal procedure of contacting method engineers due to time limit. As a matter effect, the method engineers were very upset because they have no chance in designing proper layout. They had spent an entire weekend in analyzing the motion needed and his process was very inefficient and imbalanced. The foreman refuses to stop working, due to short time limit. Tyler got himself complained by the method engineers, but no one of them could change his decision and he wants to get all the prototypes ready as soon as possible. They just said each other if the units must be almost completely tear down in installing the missing unit.Friday (July 22nd) They have their last unit produced Tuesday (July 27th) Missing parts have delivered Wednesday (July 28th) Foreman found that they have to tear the units to install the missing units. Thursday (July 28th) Tyler decides to tear down all units. Friday (July 29th) 50 units of prototypes have been completed, and shipped withou t final inspection. Tuesday (August 2nd) The rest 50 units were shipped Omega ? ? ? Friday (July 8th) Jim Rawls called all department heads, and soon after he had received the blueprints. Monday (July 11th) Blueprint arrived and all department heads met to discuss this project.Wednesday (July 13th) They found that one component would not be ready in the next two weeks. Substitution of component must be made to keep the assembly time by using Ja pan material. ? ? ? Friday (July 15th) on process, industrial engineering department reported that the missing component would increase the assembly time. Relaying on this, the head of electrical engineering tested and ensured that the Japan component will definitely work. Monday (July 18th) All engineering gathered in finishing the units needed. Friday (July 22nd) all units were completely inspected and shipped.As a result, ten of Acmes units were defective, while all Omegas units passed the test. The client was disappointed with Acmes deliv ery delay and incurred further delays in repairing the defective Acme units. However, rather than giving the entire contract to one firm, the final contract was split between Acme and Omega, with two added directives maintained zero defects and reduced final cost. Analysis 1. The importance of organization chart On the writers point of view, well structured organization chart is critical to illustrate distribution of management structure.This opinion supported by Colquitt which said organizational chart helps organization members and outsiders understand and comprehend how work is structured within the company (Colquitt et al, 2011). Based on Harvard Business Review, there would be several disadvantages occurred within a management with not organizational chart, which listed below a. The unworkable job an unworkable job means the absence of organizational chart, brings an unclear distribution or task and responsibility. One man has to do several tasks within the same time and report s to several bosses.As a matter effect, some tasks wont be completed and reported when the time needed. b. Politics An uncertain organization hierarchy often influences members to reach the highest level of organization hierarchy. Even more, inappropriate behavior might occur to get a higher authority and power. c. Over-regulation The absence of organizational chart leads to uncertainty for job approval. One project must be approved some of majority member of organization before comes to realization. d. Cultural clashes Unavailability of organizational chart often leads to unidentified organizational culture.Each member claims their own culture and also bring their previous company culture. 2. Distribution of authority in both company Based on Colquit (2011), elements of organizational structure divided into a. Work Specialization ? Acme individual specialization is used in Acme, where well structured of work flow has been divided into several steps of flow which given to different specific department. ? Omega team work is used to bring the best performance, since the tendency is to get everyone involved in finishing one project. Everyone has almost similar knowledge and skills since everyone does all things together. . Chain of Command ? Acme Well structured chain of command in Acme, creates a clear reporting order from subordinates to the manager. ? Omega Group approval is needed since almost everyone has an obligation to do everything together. Moreover decision can only be produced after team discussion. c. Span of Control ? Acme Tall organization chart symbolized this span of control which in Acme it is shown by the organizational chart. ? Omega Relatively flat organization chart, even though there is no organization chart. In Omega, everyone has almost the same responsibility and authority. d.Centralization ? Acme Centralized decision maker where Tyler as the decision maker or Tylers approval is the key point on organization activities. ? Omega Decentral ized decision maker, where everyone was involved by Rawls. e. Formalization ? Acme Standardized procedure with specific rule set to maintain working behavior in Acme, such as using memo as communication tool (Mechanistic Organization). ? Omega Flexible procedure and direct communication were highly encouraged to avoid misunderstanding in Omega. The Organizational dimensions displayed as below Source Colquitt, Jason A et all (2011) 3.The influence of company strategy to company distribution of authority Colquitt (2011) mentioned that company strategy has an influence on organizational structure, which described as below ? Mechanistic Organization Acme has a mechanistic organization where the efficiency strategy, and work specialization are the unique mark of this organization. ? Organic Organization Omega has an organic organization where lateral communication, decentralized knowledge, and low degree of work specialization to maximize organization performance. 4. Cost efficiency fail ure in Omega In writers opinion, there are several inefficiency recourses in Omega which ead to higher cost, which described below ? People Management Rawls encourages everyone to get involved in certain project even though they not directly related with such project. Moreover, direct contact and discussion are recommended to eliminate misunderstanding. ? Time Management Inefficiency of people management causes inefficient time management which several jobs cant be completed in the same time, whereas everyone involved in one job. ? Resource Management Omega has a tendency in wasting resources for a fast solution. In this case, Omega uses substitute product to replace the missing component.Even its perfectly fit with the requirement this solution increases cost of production. 5. Personal recommendation to Omega Washington University highly recommends the organization restructured in Omega for a better management role. Well structured organization will give a clear view of everyone ro le, responsibility and authority. This recommendation can be broken down into several actions which are ? Restructuring Organization Restructuring organization includes creating clear job description, organizational chart, adding and eliminating position. Omega should define each members position, task, responsibility and authority. Forming Labor Relation Labor relation is important in manufacturing company, since large numbers of labor are employed. This organization utilized as the communication medium between labor and company management. ? Change Management Change management is needed in restructuring organization, since many things must be socialize to different. This team prioritizes the change order and methods. References Books Colquitt, Jason A et all. (2011). Organizational Behavior Improving Performance and Commitment in The Workplace. McGraw-Hill Internet Corkindale, Gill. Harvard Business Review. org washington. edu